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	<title>Guido's Blog</title>
	<link>http://venture-pearl.com</link>
	<description>Culture, Politics, Social Affairs, Economics, Business, Design, Philosophy</description>
	<pubDate>Mon, 16 Nov 2009 03:24:09 +0000</pubDate>
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			<item>
		<title>The Wörgl Experiment / Silvio Gesell</title>
		<link>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/11/16/the-worgl-experiment-silvio-gesell/</link>
		<comments>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/11/16/the-worgl-experiment-silvio-gesell/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Nov 2009 03:16:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Guido</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[currency]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[economy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://venture-pearl.com/2009/11/16/the-worgl-experiment-silvio-gesell/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Worgl was the site of the &#8220;Miracle of Worgl&#8221; during the Great Depression. It was started on the 31st of July 1932 with the issuing of &#8220;Certified Compensation Bills&#8221;, a form of currency commonly known as Stamp Scrip, or Freigeld. This was an application of the monetary theories of the economist Silvio Gesell by the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Worgl was the site of the &#8220;Miracle of Worgl&#8221; during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. It was started on the 31st of July 1932 with the issuing of &#8220;Certified Compensation Bills&#8221;, a form of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a> commonly known as Stamp <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrip" title="Scrip">Scrip</a>, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freigeld" title="Freigeld">Freigeld</a>. This was an application of the monetary theories of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">economist</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvio_Gesell" title="Silvio Gesell">Silvio Gesell</a> by the town&#8217;s then mayor, Michael Unterguggenberger.</p>
<p>The experiment resulted in a growth in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">employment</a> and meant that local government projects such as new houses, a reservoir , a ski jump and a bridge could all be completed, seeming to defy the depression in the rest of the country. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">Inflation</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflation" title="Deflation">deflation</a> are also reputed to have been non-existent for the duration of the experiment.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B6rgl#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Despite attracting great interest at the time, including from French Premier Edouard <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daladier" title="Daladier" class="mw-redirect">Daladier</a> and the economist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Fisher" title="Irving Fisher">Irving Fisher</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B6rgl#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>, the &#8220;experiment&#8221; was terminated by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_National_Bank" title="Austrian National Bank" class="mw-redirect">Austrian National Bank</a> on the 1st September 1933 on the basis of the &#8220;Certified Compensation Bills&#8221; being a threat to the Bank&#8217;s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a> on printing money.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B6rgl#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B6rgl#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B6rgl#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B6rgl#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>In 2006 <a href="http://meilensteine.woergl.at/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">milestones</a> were placed, beginning from the railroad station through the downtown, to show this history, on top of questioning the authenticity of never-ending exponential growth triggered by the compound interest.</p>
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<h1><span lang="EN-US">Silvio Gesell<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h3 id="siteSub"><span lang="EN-US">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p><strong><span lang="EN-US">Silvio Gesell</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> (</span><span title="1862-03-17"><span title="03-17"><span class="mw-formatted-date"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_17" title="March 17"><span lang="EN-US">March 17</span></a></span></span><span class="mw-formatted-date"><span lang="EN-US">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1862" title="1862"><span lang="EN-US">1862</span></a></span></span><span lang="EN-US"> in </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt_Vith" title="Sankt Vith"><span lang="EN-US">Sankt Vith</span></a><span lang="EN-US"> (now </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><span lang="EN-US">Belgium</span></a><span lang="EN-US">) – </span><span title="1930-03-11"><span title="03-11"><span class="mw-formatted-date"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_11" title="March 11"><span lang="EN-US">March 11</span></a></span></span><span class="mw-formatted-date"><span lang="EN-US">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930" title="1930"><span lang="EN-US">1930</span></a></span></span><span lang="EN-US"> in </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oranienburg" title="Oranienburg"><span lang="EN-US">Oranienburg</span></a><span lang="EN-US">) was a </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><span lang="EN-US">German</span></a><span> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant" title="Merchant"><span lang="EN-US">merchant</span></a><span lang="EN-US">, theoretical </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economist" title="Economist"><span lang="EN-US">economist</span></a><span lang="EN-US">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_activist" title="Social activist"><span lang="EN-US">social activist</span></a><span lang="EN-US">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchist" title="Anarchist"><span lang="EN-US">anarchist</span></a><span lang="EN-US"> and founder of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freiwirtschaft" title="Freiwirtschaft"><span lang="EN-US">Freiwirtschaft</span></a><span lang="EN-US">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline"><span lang="EN-US">Opinions</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p><span lang="EN-US">He considered himself a </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_citizen" title="World citizen"><span lang="EN-US">world citizen</span></a><span lang="EN-US"> and believed </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" title="Earth"><span lang="EN-US">Earth</span></a><span lang="EN-US"> should belong to all people, regardless of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_%28classification_of_human_beings%29" title="Race (classification of human beings)"><span lang="EN-US">race</span></a><span lang="EN-US">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender" title="Gender"><span lang="EN-US">gender</span></a><span lang="EN-US">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class"><span lang="EN-US">class</span></a><span lang="EN-US">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth" title="Wealth"><span lang="EN-US">wealth</span></a><span lang="EN-US">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion"><span lang="EN-US">religion</span></a><span lang="EN-US"> and age and that </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border" title="Border"><span lang="EN-US">borders</span></a><span lang="EN-US"> should be made obsolete.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">Gesell founded his economic thoughts on the self-interest of people as a natural, healthy motive to act, which allows the individual to follow the satisfaction of his/her needs and to be productive. The economic system must do justice to this pre-condition, otherwise this system would undoubtedly fail. <span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">This is why, Gesell called his proposed economic system &#8220;natural&#8221;.</span> This stance put him in a clear opposition to </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx"><span lang="EN-US">Karl Marx</span></a><span lang="EN-US">, who called for a change in the social conditions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous" lang="EN-US">Taking selfishness into account, Gesell called for free, fair business competition with equal chances for all. This included the removal of all legal and inherited </span><span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privilege" title="Privilege"><span lang="EN-US">privileges</span></a></span><span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous" lang="EN-US">. Everyone should rely only on his personal abilities in order to make a living. In the &#8220;natural economic order&#8221;, which he aimed for, the most talented people would have the highest income, without distortion by </span><span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interest" title="Interest"><span lang="EN-US">interest</span></a></span><span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous" lang="EN-US"> and </span><span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rent_charge" title="Rent charge"><span lang="EN-US">rent charge</span></a></span><span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous" lang="EN-US">. The economic status of the less talented would also improve, because they wouldn&#8217;t be forced to pay interest and rent charge. According to Gesell, this would lead to an equalization between the poor and the rich. Further, there would be more means available to help the poor, because the higher </span><span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Average_income&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" title="Average income (page does not exist)"><span lang="EN-US">average income</span></a></span><span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous" lang="EN-US"> would mean that everyone would have enough money to spare what is necessary to help</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p> <![endif]--><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; color: #000066"><a href="http://www.themoneyfix.org/content/video-money-fix">http://www.themoneyfix.org/content/video-money-fix</a><br />
</span></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/11/16/the-worgl-experiment-silvio-gesell/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Corporate Social Responsibility Key to Successful Global Marketing</title>
		<link>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/11/15/corporate-social-responsibility-key-to-successful-global-marketing/</link>
		<comments>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/11/15/corporate-social-responsibility-key-to-successful-global-marketing/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Nov 2009 16:50:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Guido</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[csr]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://venture-pearl.com/2009/11/15/corporate-social-responsibility-key-to-successful-global-marketing/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[



  

11-13-2009 18:30
By Kim Tong-hyung
Staff Reporter
http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2009/11/123_55457.html

Although the term corporate social responsibility (CSR) has entered the Korean business executives&#8217; vernacular in recent years, it&#8217;s also true that most local companies regard CSR activities merely as cosmetic treatment to beautify corporate reputations.
However, Georg Kell, executive director of the U.N. Global Compact, stresses that CSR is more than [...]]]></description>
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; line-height: 120%"><span lang="EN-US">11-13-2009 18:30<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; line-height: 120%"><span lang="EN-US">By Kim Tong-hyung<br />
Staff Reporter<br />
</span><a href="http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2009/11/123_55457.html"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2009/11/123_55457.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; line-height: 120%"><span lang="EN-US"><br />
Although the term corporate social responsibility (CSR) has entered the Korean business executives&#8217; vernacular in recent years, it&#8217;s also true that most local companies regard CSR activities merely as cosmetic treatment to beautify corporate reputations.</p>
<p>However, Georg Kell, executive director of the U.N. Global Compact, stresses that CSR is more than just a glorified public relations (PR) tool ― <span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">it&#8217;s a crucial business strategy that enables companies to astutely manage risks and opportunities, and integrate further into the global market, he said.</span></p>
<p>The increasing attention to corporate responsibility is a product of globalization, Kell says, with <span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">CSR becoming critical for companies attempting to enter new markets and gain acceptability there, winning licenses and building up brands.</span></p>
<p>&#8220;The smarter companies already know this,&#8221; said Kell, who was in Seoul to participate in the U.N. Global Compact China-Japan-Korea Roundtable Conference held at the Grand Hyatt Hotel in Seoul, Friday.</p>
<p>&#8220;Every company is a product of its own society, as companies don&#8217;t act in isolation, but are controlled by a set of local rules and practices codified and non-codified. Over the past 30 years of globalization, more companies have started to learn that the global market place is an amalgamation of many of these national and local features.</p>
<p><span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">&#8220;In today&#8217;s world, to be successful on the world stage means not only being competitive with your product or services, but also capable of managing non-financial issues, as you have to operate in different landscapes. Going global means going local in many other places.&#8221;</span></p>
<p><span style="background: lime none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">The Global Compact is the U.N. initiative launched in 2000 to encourage companies worldwide to adopt sustainable and socially responsible policies. The member companies agree to adopt 10 core principles on human rights, labor, environmental and anti-corruption standards, and are required to report annually on their progresses.</span></p>
<p>About 6,700 companies from 130 countries are now joined together under the Global Compact, which includes 156 South Korean firms and organizations led by SK Telecom, SK Energy, KT, STX and Hyundai Motor.</p>
<p>The goal is to increase the membership to 20,000 companies by 2020, Kell said. Although the global compact is a voluntary initiative, Kell says the standards for monitoring and evaluating companies are becoming stricter, with more than 1,000 companies delisted since 2005 for their failure to &#8220;communicate.&#8221;</p>
<p>The economic downturn of the past year provided a real test for commitment to corporate responsibility, but Kell claims that the past months have only encouraged his beliefs that more companies around the world have begun to accept CSR as a serious part of their business strategies.</p>
<p>Although the recession forced many companies around the world to cut back on their CSR budgets, the Global Compact also experienced an increase in membership.</p>
<p>And despite the tightened purse strings, environmental issues garnered renewed focus from many of the companies, as &#8220;greener&#8221; solutions in energy, supply chains and communications often meant cheaper cost.</p>
<p>&#8220;The economic downturn seems to have reminded companies of the basic understanding about how to build a sound organization, reinforcing their commitment to long-term value creation, instead of just chasing short-term gains,&#8221; Kell said.</p>
<p>The recent Seoul conference gathered the representatives from Global Compact companies from Korea, China and Japan to discuss regional collaboration. The representatives also decided to make the China-Japan-Korea roundtable conference into an annual event, with the three countries alternating as hosts.</p>
<p><span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Kell said the Asian Global Compact companies would benefit from having a regional platform.</span></p>
<p>&#8220;The meeting is a big experiment for us, that is the first time that the Global Compact co-hosts a regional event of this nature. The background is simple ― <span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">the global economic growth center has migrated to Asia,</span>&#8221; said Kell.</p>
<p>&#8220;While all three countries have their own history and own background, the companies from all three countries have the same aspirations of wanting to become global players, and the Global Compact certainly provides a value platform they can understand.&#8221;</p>
<p></span><a href="mailto:thkim@koreatimes.co.kr">thkim@koreatimes.co.kr</a> <o:p></o:p></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Marine Stewardship Council</title>
		<link>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/11/10/marine-stewardship-council/</link>
		<comments>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/11/10/marine-stewardship-council/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 03:08:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Guido</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[food]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[agriculture]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sustainability]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://venture-pearl.com/2009/11/10/marine-stewardship-council/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Stewardship_Council
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Stewardship_Council</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>&#8220;In zwei Jahren platzt die China-Blase&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/11/03/in-zwei-jahren-platzt-die-china-blase/</link>
		<comments>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/11/03/in-zwei-jahren-platzt-die-china-blase/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 05:46:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Guido</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[economy]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sovereign wealth fonds]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://venture-pearl.com/2009/11/03/in-zwei-jahren-platzt-die-china-blase/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[



  
Quelle: http://www.welt.de/die-welt/finanzen/article5043625/In-zwei-Jahren-platzt-die-China-Blase.html
 Von Das Gespräch führte Frank Stocker 1. November 2009, 04:00 Uhr
Asien-Experte Andy Xie über die Grenzen des Wachstums, fehlgeleitete Staatsgelder und seine eigene Anlagestrategie
Als Chefökonom für Asien bei der Investmentbank Morgan Stanley war Andy Xie ein weltweit viel beachteter Experte. 2006 jedoch kostete ihn eine interne E-Mail, die an die Öffentlichkeit gelangt [...]]]></description>
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<p> <![endif]-->Quelle: http://www.welt.de/die-welt/finanzen/article5043625/In-zwei-Jahren-platzt-die-China-Blase.html</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <span class="author">Von Das Gespräch führte Frank Stocker</span> <span class="updated">1. November 2009, 04:00 Uhr</span></p>
<p class="entry-content">Asien-Experte Andy Xie über die Grenzen des Wachstums, fehlgeleitete Staatsgelder und seine eigene Anlagestrategie</p>
<p><em><span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Als Chefökonom </span></em><span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">für Asien bei der Investmentbank Morgan Stanley war Andy Xie ein weltweit viel beachteter Experte</span>. 2006 jedoch kostete ihn eine <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">interne E-Mail, die an die Öffentlichkeit</span> gelangt war, den Job. Darin hatte er über einen Empfang durch den Premierminister von Singapur berichtet und sich über die Speichelleckerei der Gäste ausgelassen, die er nicht verstehen konnte, da Singapur doch eigentlich nur als &#8220;Geldwäscherei für das Vermögen korrupter Geschäftsleute und Politiker aus Indonesien&#8221; groß geworden sei. Auf Druck der Regierung des Stadtstaates musste Morgan Stanley Xie daraufhin entlassen - ohne dass freilich jemand die Vorwürfe gegenüber Singapur nachhaltig widerlegt hätte. Xie ist heute als selbstständiger, viel gefragter Experte tätig und hat sich dabei zu einer Art Crash-Prophet Chinas entwickelt.</p>
<p><strong>Welt am Sonntag:</strong> <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Chinas Wirtschaft wächst wieder um rund acht Prozent</span>. Hier scheint die Krise überwunden.</p>
<p><strong>Andy Xie:</strong> So scheint es. Aber dies wurde <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">vor allem durch eine massive Ausweitung der Bankkredite erreicht</span>.</p>
<p><strong>Welt am Sonntag:</strong> Wo ist das Problem?</p>
<p><strong>Xie:</strong> Ein großer Teil des Geldes fließt in den Immobilienmarkt. <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Dort entwickelt sich derzeit eine Blase</span>. Im September lagen die Preise um 2,8 Prozent über jenen des Vorjahres. Allein gegenüber August sind sie um 0,7 Prozent gestiegen.</p>
<p><strong>Welt am Sonntag:</strong> Aber die chinesische Regierung hat die Banken doch schon angewiesen, bei der Kreditvergabe restriktiver zu sein.</p>
<p><strong>Xie:</strong> Trotzdem ist das Darlehensvolumen zuletzt wieder gestiegen. Das liegt vor allem auch an den Banken in den ländlichen Regionen, die nicht so stark von der Zentralregierung kontrolliert werden können. Viele Banken helfen den Kunden auch aktiv, die Restriktionen zu umgehen. So muss beispielsweise höhere Zinsen zahlen, wer ein zweites Apartment kauft. Oft werden dann aber einfach gefälschte Scheidungsdokumente besorgt - und schon kann ein Ehepaar zu den günstigen Konditionen auch das zweite Apartment kaufen.</p>
<p><strong>Welt am Sonntag:</strong> Aber in einem Land, das so schnell wächst wie China, ist es ziemlich normal, dass die Wohnungspreise steigen.</p>
<p><strong>Xie:</strong> Aber nicht so schnell. <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Die Immobilienpreise steigen seit einiger Zeit deutlich schneller als die Einkommen</span>. Und die Geschichte lehrt: Wann immer dies so ist, kommt es irgendwann zum Crash. Das war in Japan Ende der 80er-Jahre so, das war 1997 in Hongkong so und das war in den USA und Großbritannien zuletzt so.</p>
<p><strong>Welt am Sonntag:</strong> Und wann platzt die Immobilienblase in China?</p>
<p><strong>Xie:</strong> In etwa zwei Jahren. Dann werden viele chinesische Banken wieder unter großen Summen an Problemkrediten leiden.</p>
<p><strong>Welt am Sonntag:</strong> Und was folgt dann?</p>
<p><strong>Xie:</strong> China hat eine riesige Bevölkerung, die nur ein Ziel hat: endlich etwas Wohlstand erlangen. Dafür sind die Menschen bereit, hart zu arbeiten. <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Und solange der Trend zur Verstädterung anhält, kann das Wachstum auch weitergehen</span>. Denn eine Stadt zu bauen ist ein recht einfacher Weg der Kapitalakkumulation. Daher wird nach dem Platzen der Blase das Wachstum vielleicht etwas geringer ausfallen, es wird aber wieder weiter aufwärtsgehen. Vorerst.</p>
<p><strong>Welt am Sonntag:</strong> Warum vorerst?</p>
<p><strong>Xie:</strong> Weil auch hier ein Ende abzusehen ist. Die Erfahrungen in Japan und Korea haben gezeigt: <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Bei einem Urbanisierungsgrad von etwa 70 bis 75 Prozent ist Schluss.</span> Chinas Bevölkerung lebt derzeit zu etwa 50 Prozent in den Städten. Weitere 250 Millionen dürften also voraussichtlich noch in die Städte ziehen. Für 20 bis 30 Millionen entstehen Jahr für Jahr neue Wohnungen. In zehn Jahren dürfte dieser Trend also in etwa auslaufen. Und gleichzeitig kommt dann hinzu, dass die Demografie kippen wird. Dann wird die Bevölkerung zunehmend altern, die Zahl der Arbeitskräfte wird stagnieren oder sogar zurückgehen. <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">In etwa zehn Jahren endet also die positive Wirkung, der beiden Faktoren, die heute maßgeblich Chinas Wachstum treiben: die Urbanisierung und die günstige Demografie</span>.</p>
<p><strong>Welt am Sonntag:</strong> Was müsste die Regierung tun?</p>
<p><strong>Xie:</strong> <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Statt Milliarden in den Immobiliensektor zu pumpen, müsste sie Innovation und Effizienzsteigerung in den Unternehmen fördern. Dazu müsste beispielsweise der Aktienmarkt endlich frei werden</span> - bislang bestimmt die Regierung, welche Unternehmen an die Börse dürfen. Wenn dies künftig allein die Entscheidung der Unternehmen wäre, dann würden sich dort die besten und innovativsten versammeln, nicht jene, die von der Regierung ausgewählt wurden. Und das wäre dann ein Ansporn für andere Firmen, ebenfalls besser zu werden.</p>
<p><strong>Welt am Sonntag:</strong> China will ja immerhin <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Shanghai bis 2020 zu einem internationalen Finanzzentrum ausbauen</span>.</p>
<p><strong>Xie:</strong> <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Dafür müsste aber erst einmal die Währung frei konvertierbar werden</span>. Und dafür sehe ich derzeit keine Anzeichen.</p>
<p><strong>Welt am Sonntag:</strong> Was spricht dagegen?</p>
<p><strong>Xie:</strong> <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Das würde die Exportindustrie enorm unter Druck setzen</span>, weil der Yuan wohl deutlich aufwerten würde. Diese Firmen stöhnen aber bereits jetzt unter enormen Kostensteigerungen. Der Yuan hat in den vergangenen vier Jahren schon 20 Prozent gegenüber dem Dollar aufgewertet. Die Löhne sind zudem um rund 50 Prozent gestiegen. Und viele ausländische Produktionsstätten, die zuvor steuerfrei gestellt waren, müssen jetzt auch Steuern bezahlen. Dadurch haben sich die Kosten in den vergangenen vier Jahren glatt verdoppelt.</p>
<p><strong>Welt am Sonntag:</strong> Noch scheint aber China unangefochten als Werkbank der Welt.</p>
<p><strong>Xie:</strong> Ein Drittel der Exportindustrie ist in Gefahr, vor allem jene Firmen, die leicht verlagert werden können. Zur Herstellung von Turnschuhen oder Möbeln braucht man nur einen Produktionsstandort in Hafennähe und Arbeiter. Dann stellt man dort Maschinen aus Deutschland oder Japan auf und es kann losgehen. <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Schon heute wandert manche Firma von China nach Bangladesch, Vietnam oder Indonesien ab</span>.</p>
<p><strong>Welt am Sonntag:</strong> China versucht ja aber auch, durch Investitionen in ausländische Firmen in der Wertschöpfungskette aufzusteigen. Dafür hat es immerhin riesige Dollarreserven und einen eigenen Staatsfonds.</p>
<p><strong>Xie:</strong> <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Dieser Staatfonds hat bisher vor allem viel Geld versenkt, indem er vor der Krise in amerikanische Banken investiert hat</span>. Das ist leider so, wenn Regierungen sich als Investoren versuchen. Sie sollte sich stattdessen lieber darauf konzentrieren, die Staatsunternehmen zu privatisieren. Das würde wesentlich mehr zur Steigerung der Effizienz beitragen.</p>
<p><strong>Welt am Sonntag:</strong> Wie investieren Sie eigentlich selbst Ihr Geld?</p>
<p><strong>Xie:</strong> <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Ich setze vor allem auf die chinesischen Energieunternehmen. Vor allem alle Firmen, die mit Erdgas zu tun haben, dürften in den kommenden Jahren stark wachsen</span>. Gerade erst hat China ja einen Vertrag mit Russland zur Erdgaslieferung geschlossen. Außerdem muss China verstärkt in Atomenergie investieren, um den Ausstoß von CO2 zu reduzieren.</p>
<p><strong>Welt am Sonntag:</strong> Dann haben Sie dafür aber tödlichen Atommüll, der für die nächsten zwei Millionen Jahre sicher gelagert werden muss.</p>
<p><strong>Xie:</strong> Das ist kein Problem. Wir haben doch die Wüste Gobi und andere, riesige, unbewohnte Gebiete. Dort kann man den Atommüll problemlos endlagern.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/11/03/in-zwei-jahren-platzt-die-china-blase/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Slow Capital</title>
		<link>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/31/slow-capital/</link>
		<comments>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/31/slow-capital/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 31 Oct 2009 06:39:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Guido</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[slow capital]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/31/slow-capital/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[


An investor from New York, Fred Wilson, has been talking about Slow Capital. One thing that stuck in his mind all week was his description of the lunch talk by one of the leaders of the &#8220;slow movement&#8221;. The following quote from Guttorm Fløistad via Wikipedia explains:
The only thing for certain is that everything changes. [...]]]></description>
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<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBesitzer%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>  <w:WordDocument>   <w:View>Normal</w:View>   <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>   <w:TrackMoves/>   <w:TrackFormatting/>   <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone>   <w:PunctuationKerning/>   <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>   <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>   <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>   <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>   <w:DoNotPromoteQF/>   <w:LidThemeOther>DE</w:LidThemeOther>   <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>   <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>   <w:Compatibility>    <w:BreakWrappedTables/>    <w:SnapToGridInCell/>    <w:WrapTextWithPunct/>    <w:UseAsianBreakRules/>    <w:DontGrowAutofit/>    <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>    <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>    <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>    <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>    <w:Word11KerningPairs/>    <w:CachedColBalance/>   </w:Compatibility>   <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>   <m:mathPr>    <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>    <m:brkBin m:val="before"/>    <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>    <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>    <m:dispDef/>    <m:lMargin m:val="0"/>    <m:rMargin m:val="0"/>    <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>    <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>    <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>    <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>   </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; color: #333333" lang="EN-US">An investor from New York, <a href="http://www.avc.com/a_vc/2009/10/slow-capital.html">Fred Wilson</a>, has been talking about Slow Capital. One thing that stuck in his mind all week was his description of the lunch talk by one of the leaders of the &#8220;</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; color: #333333"><a href="http://www.feedblitz.com/t2.asp?/304/2091998/2804274/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_movement"><span lang="EN-US">slow movement&#8221;</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; color: #333333" lang="EN-US">. The following quote from Guttorm Fløistad via Wikipedia explains:<o:p></o:p></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: 150%"><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; color: #333333" lang="EN-US">The only thing for certain is that <span style="background: lime none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">everything changes. The rate of change increases</span>. If you want to hang on you better speed up. That is the message of today. It could however be useful to remind everyone that our <span style="background: lime none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">basic needs never change</span>. The need to be seen and appreciated! It is the need to belong. The need for nearness and care, and for a little love! This is given only through slowness in human relations. In order to master changes, we have to recover slowness, reflection and togetherness. <span style="background: lime none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">There we will find real renewal</span>.</span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; color: #333333" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: 150%"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; color: #333333" lang="EN-US">There are now sub-movements like slow travel, slow parenting, slow art, slow sex, etc. All of them promote the idea that we should slow down, relax, and take our time at things instead of &#8220;getting it done and moving on&#8221;.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: 150%"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; color: #333333" lang="EN-US">Fred Wilson is not much for any orthodoxy but he does appreciate the sentiment behind the slow movement and he’s been thinking about what <span style="background: lime none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">&#8220;slow capital&#8221;</span> would be. Here are some basic tenets of slow capital:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: 150%"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; color: #333333" lang="EN-US">1) doesn&#8217;t rush to conclusions and doesn&#8217;t expect entrepreneurs to do so either<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: 150%"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; color: #333333" lang="EN-US">2) flows into a company based on the company&#8217;s needs, not the investor&#8217;s needs<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: 150%"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; color: #333333" lang="EN-US">3) starts small and grows with the company as it grows<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: 150%"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; color: #333333" lang="EN-US">4) has no set timetable for getting liquid: slow capital is patient capital<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: 150%"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; color: #333333" lang="EN-US">5) takes the time to understand the company and the people who make it up<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; color: #333333" lang="EN-US">There&#8217;s a reason why Warren Buffet is the best investor of his generation.</span></p>
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<style>  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Normale Tabelle"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-priority:99; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} </style>
<p> <![endif]--></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; color: #1f497d; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous" lang="EN-US">My personal opinion on that is that we need to get back into the right set of values, living values. Slow has never been different. It only comes into our consciousness as we have to cope with the speed of information. In order to approach the slow movement we need to change education.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; color: #1f497d; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous" lang="EN-US">Guido</span><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; color: #1f497d" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/31/slow-capital/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Sayings - Albert Einstein</title>
		<link>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/28/sayings-albert-einstein/</link>
		<comments>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/28/sayings-albert-einstein/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2009 21:30:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Guido</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[sayings]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[education]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[people]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/28/sayings-albert-einstein/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Schränkt eine Gesellschaft den Zugang zu Bildung auf eine Elite ein, zerstört sie ihre Grundlage und verarmt geistig.
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Schränkt eine Gesellschaft den Zugang zu Bildung auf eine Elite ein, zerstört sie ihre Grundlage und verarmt geistig.</strong></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/28/sayings-albert-einstein/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>September 25 is Earth Overshoot Day</title>
		<link>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/28/september-25-is-earth-overshoot-day/</link>
		<comments>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/28/september-25-is-earth-overshoot-day/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2009 17:27:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Guido</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[ecology]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sustainability]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/28/september-25-is-earth-overshoot-day/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[              

What is Earth Overshoot Day? 
What is Overshoot? 
How is Earth Overshoot Day Calculated?


What is Earth Overshoot Day?
Earth Overshoot Day marks an unfortunate milestone: the day when humanity begins living beyond its ecological means. Beyond that day, we move into the [...]]]></description>
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<ul class="content">
<li><strong class="text"><a href="http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/earth_overshoot_day/#WOD">What is Earth Overshoot Day? </a></strong></li>
<li><strong class="text"><a href="http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/earth_overshoot_day/#Overshoot">What is Overshoot? </a></strong></li>
<li><strong class="text"><a href="http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/earth_overshoot_day/#calc">How is Earth Overshoot Day Calculated?</a></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a name="WOD"></a></p>
<h2>What is Earth Overshoot Day?</h2>
<p>Earth Overshoot Day marks an unfortunate milestone: the day when humanity begins living beyond its ecological means. Beyond that day, we move into the ecological equivalent of deficit spending, utilizing resources at a rate faster than what the planet can regenerate in a calendar year.</p>
<p>Globally, we now require the equivalent of 1.4 planets to support our lifestyles. Put another way, in less than 10 months, humanity will have used ecological services it takes 12 months for the Earth to regenerate.</p>
<p><img src="http://www.footprintnetwork.org/images/overshoot-gauge-514.gif" style="border: 0px none " /></p>
<p>Of course, we only have one Earth. The fact that we are using (or “spending” natural capital) faster than it can replenish is similar to having expenditures that continually exceed income. In planetary terms, the results of our ecological overspending are becoming more clear by the day. Climate change – a result of carbon being emitted faster than it can be reabsorbed by the forests and seas – is the most obvious and arguably pressing result. But there are others as well: shrinking forests, species loss, fisheries collapse and freshwater stress to name a few.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/earth_overshoot_day_media">Click here</a> for Media Inquiries</p>
<p><a name="Overshoot"></a></p>
<h2>What is Overshoot?</h2>
<p>Just like any company, nature has a budget &#8212; it can only produce so many resources and absorb so much waste every year. The problem is, our demand for nature&#8217;s services is exceeding what it can provide.</p>
<p>In 2009, humanity is projected to use about 40 percent more than nature can regenerate this year. This problem &#8212; using resources faster than they can regenerate and creating waste such as CO2 faster than it can be absorbed &#8212; is called ecological overshoot.</p>
<p>We currently maintain this overshoot by liquidating the planet’s natural resources. For example we can cut trees faster than they re-grow, and catch fish at a rate faster than they repopulate. While this can be done for a short while, overshoot ultimately leads to the depletion of resources on which our economy depends.</p>
<p><img src="http://www.footprintnetwork.org/images/EODglobe08.jpg" width="382" height="430" /></p>
<p>Humanity first went into overshoot in 1986; before that time the global community consumed resources and produced carbon dioxide at a rate consistent with what the planet could produce and reabsorb. By 1996, however, humanity was using 15 percent more resources in a year than the planet could supply, with Earth Overshoot Day falling in November. This year, more than two decades since we first went into overshoot, because we are now demanding resources at a rate of 40 percent faster than the planet can produce them.</p>
<p>In 2008, Earth Overshoot Day was reached on September 23.</p>
<p><a name="calc"></a></p>
<h2>How is Earth Overshoot Day Calculated?</h2>
<p>[ world biocapacity <strong>/ </strong>world Ecological Footprint ] x 365 = Earth Overshoot Day Day</p>
<p>Put simply, Earth Overshoot Day shows the day on which our total Ecological Footprint (measured in global hectares) is equal to the biocapacity (also measured in global hectares) that nature can regenerate in that year. For the rest of the year, we are accumulating debt by depleting our natural capital and letting waste accumulate.</p>
<p>The day of the year on which humanity enters into <a href="http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/glossary/#overshoot">overshoot </a>and begins adding to our <a href="http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/glossary/#ecologicaldebt">ecological debt</a> is calculated by calculating the ratio of global available biocapacity to global Ecological Footprint and multiplying by 365. From this, we find the number of days of demand that the biosphere could supply, and the number of days we operate in overshoot.</p>
<p>This ratio shows that in 2009, in just 268 days, we demanded the biosphere’s entire capacity for the year. The 267th day of the year is September 25.</p>
<p>If you have further questions about the <a href="http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/footprint_basics_overview/">Ecological Footprint</a> and <a href="http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/world_footprint/">overshoot</a> calculations, there are a number of resources available through our website to learn more: See the <a href="http://www.footprintnetwork.org/newsletters/gfn_blast_0610.html">Living Planet Report </a>and the <a href="http://www.footprintnetwork.org/images/uploads/EO_Day_Media_Backgrounder.pdf">Earth Overshoot Day Media Backgrounder</a> for definitions, data and further information about overshoot. You can also read our <a href="http://www.footprintnetwork.org/download.php?id=5">methodology paper</a> for a more technical overview of our calculation methods, and visit our <a href="http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/glossary/">glossary</a> page for definitions of terms. If you have further inquiries about Earth Overshoot Day, please contact <a href="mailto:nicole@footprintnetwork.org">Nicole Freeling</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/28/september-25-is-earth-overshoot-day/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Hälfte der Bundesanleihen geht an Notenbanken</title>
		<link>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/27/halfte-der-bundesanleihen-geht-an-notenbanken/</link>
		<comments>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/27/halfte-der-bundesanleihen-geht-an-notenbanken/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 06:41:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Guido</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[staatsanleihen]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sovereign wealth fonds]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/27/halfte-der-bundesanleihen-geht-an-notenbanken/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[




  
26. Oktober 2009 Zu den Mysterien der Finanzkrise zählt, dass der deutsche Staat sich trotz aller Konjunkturpakete und Rettungsaktionen für die Banken günstig finanziert. Selten fiel Schuldenmachen so leicht: Eine zehnjährige Bundesanleihe ist, wenn sie in diesen Tagen begeben wird, mit knapp 3,4 Prozent verzinst.
Der rekordniedrige Leitzins von einem Prozent kann das niedrige Niveau [...]]]></description>
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<p> <![endif]--><span class="italic">26. Oktober 2009 </span>Zu den Mysterien der Finanzkrise zählt, dass der deutsche Staat sich trotz aller Konjunkturpakete und Rettungsaktionen für die Banken günstig finanziert. Selten fiel Schuldenmachen so leicht: <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Eine zehnjährige Bundesanleihe ist, wenn sie in diesen Tagen begeben wird, mit knapp 3,4 Prozent verzinst.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Der rekordniedrige Leitzins von einem Prozent kann das niedrige Niveau der Verzinsung nicht allein erklären, zumal die Schuld rasant wächst - allein im nächsten Jahr in der Größenordnung von 100 Milliarden Euro und bis zum Jahr 2013 werden etwa 250 Milliarden Euro an Nettoneuverschuldung erwartet. Die Inflation ist als Schreckgespenst für die nähere Zukunft zwar kein Thema. Mittelfristig rechnen die meisten Anleger aber mit Teuerungsraten von mehr als 2 Prozent, Pessimisten mit einem noch höheren Tempo der Geldentwertung.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><strong>Wer kauft die Staatsanleihen?</strong><o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Trotzdem kann die Bundesrepublik Deutschland Finanzagentur GmbH die neuen Anleihen, die sie für den Bund begibt, bisher ohne größere Schwierigkeiten verkaufen. Allein in diesem Jahr wird sie neue Schuldtitel von 329 Milliarden Euro begeben. Im vergangenen Jahr gab es zwar zwei Emissionen, bei denen die Nachfrage geringer als das Angebot war. Doch das waren Ausnahmen. In der Regel gehen die Auktionen, meist montags und mittwochs, geräuschlos über die Bühne.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Wer sind also die Käufer, die sich in guten, noch mehr aber in schlechten Zeiten mit Bundesanleihen eindecken? Verkauft werden die Anleihen an die 27 Banken der Bietergruppe, darunter Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank und DZ Bank, aber auch ausländische Adressen wie Morgan Stanley und Credit Suisse. Sie sind nur Mittler und verkaufen die Anleihen zum überwiegenden Teil weiter.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Genaue amtliche Zahlen über die Investoren gibt es nicht. Bei der Finanzagentur heißt es, dass etwa die Hälfte der Anleihen im Euro-Raum verkauft wird, ein gutes Viertel nach Asien und der Rest überwiegend an Anleger, die in Dollar, Pfund und Schweizer Franken rechnen. Über die Daueremissionen, zum Beispiel Bundesschatzbriefe, erhalte der Bund etwa 3 Prozent seines geliehenen Geldes direkt von inländischen Privatanlegern, sagt ein Sprecher der Schuldenagentur.Aus inoffiziellen Quellen sind auch für den großen Rest detailliertere Schätzungen zu hören. &#8220;Wenn heute eine Bundesanleihe verkauft wird, geht mindestens die Hälfte an Notenbanken und Staatsfonds im Ausland&#8221;, sagt ein Fachmann aus dem Umfeld der Finanzagentur. <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Die Käufe der Zentralbanken habe es schon immer gegeben, aber ihr Anteil sei in den vergangenen Jahren stark gestiegen.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><strong>&#8230; Notenbanken und Staatsfonds im Ausland</strong><o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Mit der Einführung des Euro hätten zunächst viele Zentralbanken ihre Währungsreserven aus der Gemeinschaftswährung abgezogen. Der Dollaranteil stieg stark an. <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Von Mitte 2002 an begann von Asien ausgehend eine Gegenbewegung, die sich von 2005 an verstärkte. Besonders asiatische Zentralbanken versuchen seitdem den Dollar-Anteil an ihren Reserven zu reduzieren, auch zugunsten des Euro.</span><strong> </strong>In den vergangenen zehn Jahren ist dadurch der Euro-Anteil an den veröffentlichten Währungsreserven - sie machen etwa die Hälfte der gesamten Reserven aus - von 18 auf 26 Prozent gestiegen. <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Es gibt Schätzungen, dass der Anteil an den gesamten Währungsreserven deutlich höher liegt, weil Länder wie Venezuela und Iran dem Vernehmen nach neue Mittel gar nicht oder kaum noch in Dollar anlegen und bei der Neuanlage vor allem auf den Euro ausweichen.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Von dieser hohen Nachfrage der Zentralbanken profitiert vor allem der deutsche Staat. Denn wenn sich die ausländischen Notenbanken zu einer Diversifizierung ihrer Reserven entschlössen, bevorzugten sie den liquidesten Markt und den Schuldner mit dem besten Ruf, erläutert ein Berater institutioneller Anleger. Das sei in Europa noch immer der Bund.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Diese Bevorzugung drückt sich auch in den Finanzierungskonditionen aus. Nachdem im Jahr 2006 die Zinsen der meisten Staaten des Euro-Raums noch nahezu gleichauf lagen - zeitweise waren die Konditionen für Frankreich sogar etwas günstiger als für Deutschland - haben sich in der Finanzkrise wieder hohe Unterschiede herausgebildet. Andere Länder wie Frankreich oder Österreich, die auch einen sehr guten Ruf als Schuldner haben, müssen ihren Gläubigern derzeit einen Renditeaufschlag von etwa 0,3 Prozentpunkten bieten im Vergleich zu deutschen Staatsanleihen. Länder wie Griechenland zahlen für ihre neuen langfristigen Anleihen derzeit sogar mehr als ein Prozent Zinsaufschlag.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Text: ruh., F.A.Z.<br />
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The 7 principles of Grameen Social Business</title>
		<link>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/26/the-7-principles-of-grameen-social-business/</link>
		<comments>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/26/the-7-principles-of-grameen-social-business/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2009 09:35:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Guido</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[funding]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[social business]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/26/the-7-principles-of-grameen-social-business/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[



  

The 7 principles of Grameen Social Business
http://www.grameencreativelab.com/a-concept-to-eradicate-poverty/7-principles.html

Business objective will be to overcome      poverty, or one or more problems (such as education, health, technology      access, and environment) which threaten people and society; not profit      maximization.
Financial     [...]]]></description>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; color: #1f497d" lang="EN-US">The 7 principles of Grameen Social Business</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; color: #1f497d" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; color: #1f497d" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.grameencreativelab.com/a-concept-to-eradicate-poverty/7-principles.html">http://www.grameencreativelab.com/a-concept-to-eradicate-poverty/7-principles.html</a></span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #1f497d"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'" lang="EN-US">Business objective will be to overcome      poverty, or one or more problems (such as education, health, technology      access, and environment) which threaten people and society; not profit      maximization.</span><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #1f497d"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">Financial      and economic sustainability.</span><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #1f497d"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'" lang="EN-US">Investors get back their investment amount      only. No dividend is given beyond investment money.</span><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #1f497d"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'" lang="EN-US">When investment amount is paid back,      company profit stays with the company for expansion and improvement.</span><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #1f497d"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">Environmentally      conscious.</span><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #1f497d"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'" lang="EN-US">Workforce gets market wage with</span><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'" lang="EN-US">better      working conditions.</span><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #1f497d"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'">&#8230;do it      with joy.</span><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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			<wfw:commentRss>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/26/the-7-principles-of-grameen-social-business/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Getreide ist das neue Gold</title>
		<link>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/26/getreide-ist-das-neue-gold/</link>
		<comments>http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/26/getreide-ist-das-neue-gold/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2009 09:30:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Guido</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[agriculture]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sovereign wealth fonds]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://venture-pearl.com/2009/10/26/getreide-ist-das-neue-gold/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[



Von Frank Seidlitz 25. Oktober 2009, 04:00 Uhr 
http://www.welt.de/die-welt/wirtschaft/article4967889/Getreide-ist-das-neue-Gold.html
Ein Wettlauf um Ackerböden und Rohstoffquellen ist entbrannt. Reiche Schwellenländer wie Saudi-Arabien und Wachstumsriesen wie China sichern sich weltweit Land und Anbaulizenzen. Die Uno warnt schon vor einem &#8220;Neokolonialismus&#8221;. Die Regierungen der Industriestaaten sind alarmiert, denn das Ringen um Nahrungsmittel- und Ölversorgung droht politische Konflikte zu provozieren
Die [...]]]></description>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="author">Von Frank Seidlitz</span> <span class="updated">25. Oktober 2009, 04:00 Uhr</span> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.welt.de/die-welt/wirtschaft/article4967889/Getreide-ist-das-neue-Gold.html">http://www.welt.de/die-welt/wirtschaft/article4967889/Getreide-ist-das-neue-Gold.html</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="entry-content">Ein Wettlauf um Ackerböden und Rohstoffquellen ist entbrannt. <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Reiche Schwellenländer wie Saudi-Arabien und Wachstumsriesen wie China sichern sich weltweit Land und Anbaulizenzen</span>. Die Uno warnt schon vor einem &#8220;Neokolonialismus&#8221;. Die Regierungen der Industriestaaten sind alarmiert, denn das Ringen um Nahrungsmittel- und Ölversorgung droht politische Konflikte zu provozieren<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><em>Die Unterschrift kostete </em><span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Marc Ravalomanana</span> sein Amt. Schon in den Wochen und Monaten vor dem Vertragsabschluss zwischen der Regierung <span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Madagaskars</span> und dem südkoreanischen Daewoo-Konzern rumorte es auf der Insel vor Afrika gewaltig. Ravalomanana löste einen regelrechten Bürgerkrieg aus: Dem Präsidenten wurden ein diktatorischer Regierungsstil und massive Korruption vorgeworfen. Der Vertrag mit Daewoo war dann nur noch der Tropfen, der das Fass zum Überlaufen brachte. <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">In einer Nacht-und-Nebel-Aktion hatte der 59-Jährige die Hälfte des fruchtbaren Ackerlandes Madagaskars verscherbeln wollen</span>. Auf rund 1,3 Millionen Hektar hätte Daewoo über 99 Jahre etwa Futtermais für Südkoreas Schweine anbauen können. Dabei ist Madagaskar selbst auf Nahrungsmittelimporte angewiesen. Im Februar stürzte er dann über diesen Landverkauf.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Das war ein vorläufiger Höhepunkt einer Entwicklung, die in Zukunft für noch heftigere Auseinandersetzungen und Wirtschaftskonflikte sorgen könnte: <span style="background: lime none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">&#8220;Offshore Farming&#8221;</span>. Kritiker nennen es schlicht &#8220;Landraub&#8221;. Der weltweite Wettlauf um Grund und Boden hat in den letzten beiden Jahren enorme Ausmaße angenommen. &#8220;Nach den Rekordpreisen beim Öl drohen nun Preisexplosionen bei Agrarböden und Rohstoffen und neue Verteilungskämpfe um die knappen Güter&#8221;, warnt ein ranghoher Diplomat des Auswärtigen Amtes. Der Daewoo-Vertrag mit Madagaskar ist dafür der beste Beleg und reiht sich in eine Entwicklung ein, die derzeit stark an Geschwindigkeit gewinnt.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Reiche Ölstaaten und boomende Schwellenländer sichern sich weltweit immer mehr Agrarflächen, Abbaugebiete für seltene Rohstoffe und exklusive Lizenzen für die eigene Ölversorgung. Experten schätzen, dass allein in Afrika innerhalb von drei Jahren rund 20 Millionen Hektar an ausländische Investoren gegangen sind. Unter denen, besonders brisant, befinden sich immer öfter auch staatliche Akteure. <span style="background: silver none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous">Jacques Diouf, der Chef der Welternährungsorganisation FAO, warnt daher bereits vor einem &#8220;Neokolonialismus&#8221; und neuen Abhängigkeiten in der Weltwirtschaft.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><!--ad.tag: 26.10.2009 07:13:24 --><noscript>Der Auftritt staatlicher Akteure ist in der Tat ein Novum. Bisher waren es allenfalls nur Unternehmen aus Industrienationen, die sich vereinzelt um Ackerflächen und Rohstoffabbau in Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bemühten. Doch mit dem wirtschaftlichen Aufstieg von Brasilien, China, Indien, Russland und den Golfstaaten hat sich nicht nur die Zahl der Käufer deutlich erhöht, die nun um knappe Ackerböden und Fördergebiete buhlen. &amp;quot;Der Unterschied zwischen dem Landkauf früher und heute ist, dass die neuen Geschäfte Teil einer regierungsgeführten Politik sind&amp;quot;, sagt &amp;lt;span style=&#8217;background:aqua; mso-highlight:aqua&#8217;&amp;gt;David Hallam von der FAO&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Landkauf ist längst Teil staatlicher Expansionspolitik.&amp;lt;o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&#8217;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver&#8217;&amp;gt;Auslöser für diesen Wettlauf um Rohstoffgebiete und Ackerländer ist nicht nur die weltweit steigende Bevölkerungszahl. Es ist auch das gewaltige Wachstum der großen Schwellenländer und damit der enorme Bedarf an Nahrung und Rohstoffnachschub&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Zusammen mit riskanten Börsenspekulationen führten diese Faktoren im vorigen Jahr reihenweise zu Preisschocks. Wie bei einer Hyperinflation mussten Käufer täglich mehr für die knappen Güter zahlen. Weizen verteuerte sich innerhalb weniger Monate um 136 Prozent, Reis legte um 217 Prozent zu, Mais sogar um 241 Prozent. Noch deutlicher fiel der Preissprung bei Rohöl aus: 2004 notierte ein Barrel (159 Liter) Rohöl noch bei knapp 40 Dollar, im Sommer vorigen Jahres waren es 147 Dollar. &amp;lt;span style=&#8217;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver&#8217;&amp;gt;In den ärmeren Ländern der Welt blieb dieser Preisanstieg nicht folgenlos: In Haiti kam es zu Ausschreitungen, Ägypten reglementierte die Brotversorgung&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Gerade bei den zahlungskräftigen Importländern wie China, den Golfstaaten oder Südkorea setzte wegen der rasanten Preisentwicklung ein Umdenken ein. Reihenweise verabschiedeten diese Staaten nationale Versorgungsstrategien, die nun mit privaten Firmen oder staatlichen Konzernen umgesetzt werden. &amp;quot;Nahrungsmittelpreise sind nicht nur innenpolitisch brisant. &amp;lt;span style=&#8217;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver&#8217;&amp;gt;Länder wie Indien und China setzen nach wie vor auf eine nationale Ernährungssicherung, da sie fürchten, ansonsten erpressbar zu werden&amp;quot;, sagt ein Manager des chinesischen Staatsfonds CIC&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Anstatt von Agrarhandel und Spekulanten abhängig zu sein, wollen die Regierungen lieber die Produktion direkt kontrollieren und sich so die Importe sichern. Damit steht hinter dem Landkauf nicht nur ein ökonomisches, sondern auch ein ausgeprägtes politisches Kalkül.&amp;lt;o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&#8217;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver&#8217;&amp;gt;Allein in Tansania übersteigen laut der Menschenrechtsorganisation Fian die Anfragen von Investoren die Ackerfläche um das Doppelte.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; Weltweit sind etwa 180 solcher Landgeschäfte erfasst - und das sind nur die, die veröffentlicht wurden. Laos etwa hat bereits zwei bis drei Millionen Hektar Land verpachtet - rund 15 Prozent des gesamten Staatsgebietes. Im Süden des Landes haben sich private und staatliche Firmen aus Thailand, Vietnam und Malaysia eingekauft, um Gummi- und Maniokplantagen aufzubauen. In der Landesmitte kultivieren unter anderem indische Firmen Eukalyptus- und Akazienwälder für die Papierherstellung. Im Norden bauen Chinesen im Staatsauftrag Reis und Kautschuk an.&amp;lt;o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In anderen Ländern geht die Entwicklung in die gleiche Richtung. Saudi-Arabien etwa sicherte sich in Pakistan rund 500 000 Hektar Agrarland. Libyen kaufte sich in der Ukraine 250 000 Hektar Land zusammen. Auch Südkorea ist ein wichtiger Mitspieler im internationalen Landkauf, und Indien schickt sich an, es seinen Schwellenländer-Konkurrenten gleichzutun.&amp;lt;o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Hoch im Kurs steht Afrika. So haben mehrere Golfstaaten begonnen, dort nach Land für Viehzucht, Tierfutter und Nahrungsmittel Ausschau zu halten. Im Sudan sicherten sich die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate 400 000 Hektar, Saudi-Arabien kaufte sich rund 500 000 Hektar in Tansania für den Anbau von Agrarprodukten. Damit will das Königreich vorbauen, wenn es 2016 die Eigenproduktion von Weizen wegen der Wasserknappheit aufgeben wird. Gerade die Golfstaaten sind auf den Nahrungsmittelanbau im Ausland angewiesen, um die eigene Bevölkerung und die hohe Zahl von Arbeitsmigranten zu versorgen. &amp;lt;span style=&#8217;background:silver; mso-highlight:silver&#8217;&amp;gt;Und China, das sich anschickt, zum größten Landaufkäufer der Welt zu werden&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, verfügt künftig in der Demokratischen Republik Kongo über fast drei Millionen Hektar - und die nächsten Verhandlungen, etwa mit Sambia über den Ankauf von weiteren zwei Millionen Hektar, laufen bereits.&amp;lt;o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Diese Art der Nahrungsmittelsicherung birgt Sprengstoff. Denn immer mehr Menschen müssen durch eine Ackerfläche versorgt werden, die bestenfalls konstant bleiben wird. &amp;quot;Geht die Entwicklung so weiter, werden wir 2050 pro Kopf weniger als ein Drittel der verfügbaren Anbaufläche zur Ernährung der Weltbevölkerung haben, die wir 1950 hatten&amp;quot;, fasst &amp;lt;span style=&#8217;background: aqua;mso-highlight:aqua&#8217;&amp;gt;Friedrich Berschauer&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; zusammen, der Chef der Pflanzenschutzsparte der Bayer AG. Ein Verteilungskampf um die knappen Ackerböden scheint daher wohl unvermeidlich - &amp;lt;span style=&#8217;background:silver; mso-highlight:silver&#8217;&amp;gt;und Agrarland ist nicht der einzige begehrte Grund und Boden.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&#8217;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver&#8217;&amp;gt;Auch der Wettlauf um die letzten Abbaugebiete von Rohstoffen hat längst begonnen. Allen voran China&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; betreibt eine sehr aggressive Strategie der nationalen Rohstoffversorgung: Nicht nur, dass die Volksrepublik den Export von 373 seltenen Metallen, die aus dem eigenen Boden gefördert werden, durch hohe Zölle verhindern will. Sie verfolgt auch eine globale Strategie der Rohstoffversorgung - mit Macht und mit viel Geld. &amp;lt;span style=&#8217;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver&#8217;&amp;gt;Die Regierung in Peking investiert ihre umfangreichen Devisenreserven in den Aufkauf ganzer Abbaugebiete, in Schürflizenzen und Förderrechte. 58 Milliarden Dollar gab China allein im vorigen Jahr für die Sicherung von Rohstoffquellen im Ausland aus.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; Das sorgt für eine weitere Verschiebung der Machtverhältnisse auf dem Ölmarkt zugunsten staatlicher Akteure: Heute kontrollieren Staaten bereits 83 Prozent der weltweiten Ölförderung. In den 70er-Jahren waren es nur knapp 40 Prozent. Der Bundesverband der deutschen Industrie (BDI) warnte daher unlängst ungewohnt deutlich vor einer Rohstoffverknappung und fordert von der Bundesregierung gar eine &amp;quot;Rohstoff-Außenpolitik&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Systematischer als jedes andere Land baut China den exterritorialen Zugriff auf Ölfördergebiete und Ackerböden aus. Das Reich der Mitte produziert bereits in zahlreichen Ländern Asiens Reis, Fisch, Soja und Zuckerrohr - so in Birma, Laos und den Philippinen. Gleichzeitig sichert die Volksrepublik den Nachschub für das enorme Wachstum der chinesischen Wirtschaft durch eine gezielte Versorgungsstrategie. Um nicht in die Abhängigkeit von Öllieferungen aus den Golfstaaten zu geraten, wurden umfangreiche Rohstoffverträge mit anderen Staaten geschlossen. Inzwischen ist Angola größter Erdöllieferant Chinas - noch vor dem Iran und Saudi-Arabien. China hat sich in dem Land nicht nur den Zugriff auf Öllizenzen und Fördergebiete gesichert. Teilweise hat sich dort das Reich der Mitte ganze Fördergebiete im Gegenzug für einen Milliardenkredit verpfänden lassen. Angola ist daher fest im Griff Chinas - und damit auch die lukrativen Bodenschätze dort.&amp;lt;o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&#8217;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver&#8217;&amp;gt;Für die Bevölkerung in den Entwicklungsländern bleibt dieser Ausverkauf nicht folgenlos. Schon jetzt sind etwa 43 der 53 afrikanischen Länder nicht in der Lage, für eine ausreichende Ernährungssituation zu sorgen. Auch wenn die ausländischen Investoren oftmals den Kauf von Land oder Abbaugebieten den jeweiligen Regierungen mit Gegenleistungen versüßen, etwa dem Aufbau der Infrastruktur, entpuppen sich solche Versprechungen meist als substanzlos. Oft werden eben nicht einmal einheimische Arbeiter eingestellt, um die Ackerböden zu bearbeiten, sondern ausländische Kräfte. Daewoo etwa wollte Feldarbeiter aus Südafrika nach Madagaskar holen. In Mosambik sollen einmal bis zu 10 000 chinesische Siedler die gepachteten Reisfelder bewirtschaften.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Der Export von Rohstoffen und der Import von Arbeitskräften stellen daher auch die Entwicklungshilfe immer mehr infrage. Denn um die Hungersnot etwa in Subsahara-Afrika zu bekämpfen, pumpte allein die Uno rund 2,1 Milliarden Euro an Nahrungshilfe in die Region. Gleichzeitig verkaufen die Länder aber ihre wertvollsten Ackerflächen an ausländische Staaten und Firmen. Das extremste Beispiel dafür ist sicherlich der Sudan.&amp;lt;o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&#8217;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver&#8217;&amp;gt;Während sich Südkorea, China und die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate Hunderttausende Hektar an Ackerflächen sicherten, verschifften allein die USA etwa 283 000 Tonnen Hirse als Hilfsleistung in die Region. &amp;quot;Der Sudan&amp;quot;, sagt Uno-Mitarbeiter Kanro Oshidari, &amp;quot;könnte sich selbst versorgen. Er könnte die Kornkammer Afrikas sein, wenn er das eigene Ackerland nicht an ausländische Investoren verkaufen würde.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Die Brisanz des Themas haben inzwischen auch die G 20 erkannt, sie wollen darüber beraten. Aber auch der Nationale Sicherheitsrat der USA hat sich bereits mit den Folgen des weltweiten Landkaufes für die Versorgung der USA und der Industrieländer beschäftigt. Die Experten befürchten Konflikte um die knapper werdenden Ressourcen und einen deutlichen Preisanstieg für Böden und Rohstoffe. Ein Londoner Investmentbanker bringt die Folgen auf einen Nenner: &amp;quot;Vergesst Gold! Kauft Käse!&amp;quot;&amp;lt;o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/o:p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;  </noscript></span></p>
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